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The paper examined the Cagayan de Oro River’s hydrological and biological characteristics in relation to the socio-economic characteristics of the 300 residents along the four sampling sites. The study used bio-modeling technique. Results reveal that the identified sites had distinct water quality, diversity of aquatic resources and socio-economic activities. In addition, awareness and advocacy efforts for the conservation and protection of the river among the residents are wanting. It is then concluded that the number of water users and settlement areas defines the quality of water and the diversity of aquatic resources in the Cagayan de Oro River. The absence of mechanisms that complement the river’s preservation and conservation efforts among the upstream and downstream communities contributed to the present condition of the river.

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Keywords - ecosystems, confluence of river’s ecosystems, biodiversity, Cagayan de Oro River, Philippines