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This study used the Complex Adaptive System approach to illustrate the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. Complex Adaptive System approach derived feature similarity that represented the heterogeneity of the HIV phenomenon. Rather than seeing HIV infection as a linear cause and effect model, it was understood through the lens of complex adaptive systems by recognizing the intricate interactions and relationships of different agent and components that shaped this phenomenon. Results show that HIV per capita is well controlled by the health care service in all countries except for countries with disproportionate responses of HIV/capital incidences. These countries with disproportionate responses have modifiable and non-modifiable factors that contributed to the complex dynamic of HIV spread. The migratory pattern of these countries is also a contributory factor to the spread of HIV. The rise and spread of HIV are therefore, multi-dimensional and not just a health care issue. Focusing on behavior change or therapy alone may not combat this epidemic. The approach needs to be multifaceted and interdisciplinary taking into consideration the context and the economic and social realities at multiple scales which may include: socio-economic, political, cultural, gender equality, migration or mobility patterns, spirituality, and environment, among others. To eradicate or minimize the spread of HIV, there should be a holistic approach to attacking this epidemic.

Keywords: Complex Adaptive System, HIV/AIDS, socio-economic, political, cultural, gender equality